By John A. Conkling, Chris Mocella
ISBN-10: 1574447408
ISBN-13: 9781574447408
Primarily pushed via advancing know-how and matters for safeguard, development on the earth of pyrotechnics and high-energy fabrics has exploded some time past 25 years. The promulgation of latest govt rules areas new and extra stringent regulations at the fabrics that could be utilized in vigorous combinations. those rules now mandate a number of education courses, and start up different activities, resembling OSHA’s strategy safeguard administration average, meant to do away with injuries and incidents. regrettably, the U.S. lacks an geared up, broad-range educational application to hide the technology and use of full of life fabrics and train the following new release of pyrotechnicians.
Designed as a bridge to permit a tender and assured transition for group of workers coming from a chemistry history into the sensible international of explosives, Chemistry of Pyrotechnics: simple ideas and idea, moment Edition emphasizes simple chemical ideas along functional, hands-on wisdom within the training of full of life combinations. It examines the interactions among and variations of pyrotechnics to altering know-how in parts corresponding to obscuration technology and low-signature flame emission.
Much greater than an easy how-to consultant, the booklet discusses chemical and pyrotechnic rules, parts of high-energy combos, and components of ignition, propagation, and sensitivity. It bargains warmth compositions, together with ignition mixes, delays, thermites, and propellants and investigates the creation of smoke and sound in addition to gentle and colour.
Promoting the expansion and growth of pyrotechnics as a technology, Chemistry of Pyrotechnics: easy rules and concept, moment Edition presents practitioners being able to practice chemical rules and common sense to lively fabrics and thereby make the sector as efficient, important, and secure as possible.
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Additional resources for Chemistry of Pyrotechnics: Basic Principles and Theory (2nd Edition)
Example text
In a neutral molecule, the sum of the oxidation numbers will be 0. For an ion, the sum of the oxidation numbers on all the atoms will equal the net charge of the ion. © 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 18 Chemistry of Pyrotechnics Examples NH3 (ammonia): The three hydrogen atoms are all +1 by rule 1. The nitrogen atom will therefore be –3 by rule 4. CO3–2 (the carbonate ion): The three oxygen atoms are all –2 by rule 1. Since the ion has a net charge of –2, the oxidation number of carbon will be 3(–2) + x = –2, x = +4 by rule 4.
20 for PVC. 36, so the mixture is fuel rich. Ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and boron (B) make an interesting low-toxicity delay mixture. What is the composition of the stoichiometric mixture, assuming that the reaction products are Fe and B2O3? Valences are –6 for ferric oxide and +3 for boron. 9% B. Aluminized ammonium nitrate–fuel oil (aluminized ANFO) is a popular commercial explosive. If a mixture contains 5% Al by weight, what weights of ammonium nitrate (valence = –2) and fuel oil will make up the stoichiometric mixture?
Such materials typically soften on heating, rather than showing a sharp melting point. In the crystalline solid state, there is little vibrational or transitional freedom, and hence diffusion into a crystalline lattice is slow and difficult. As the temperature of a solid is raised by the input of heat, vibrational and transitional motion increases. At a particular temperature—termed the melting point—this motion overcomes the attractive forces holding the lattice together and the liquid state is produced.
Chemistry of Pyrotechnics: Basic Principles and Theory (2nd Edition) by John A. Conkling, Chris Mocella
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