Download El Niño, La Niña, and the Southern Oscillation by S. George Philander PDF

By S. George Philander

ISBN-10: 0080570984

ISBN-13: 9780080570983

ISBN-10: 0125532350

ISBN-13: 9780125532358

El Nino and the Southern Oscillation is via a long way the main impressive phenomenon attributable to the interaction of ocean and surroundings. it may be defined neither in strictly oceanographic nor strictly meteorological phrases. This quantity offers a short heritage of the topic, summarizes the oceanographic and meteorological observations and theories, and discusses the new advances in machine modeling reports of the phenomenon. Key positive aspects* features a accomplished and up to date learn survey* Discusses intimately subtle desktop types* offers a transparent exposition of the most important difficulties which forestall extra actual predictions of El Nino

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Additional info for El Niño, La Niña, and the Southern Oscillation

Sample text

A wedge of cold surface waters off northeastern Africa in July is absent for similar reasons. (The data were provided by R. 3 Interannual Variability 23 30N 30N 20 20 10 10 EQ EQ 10 10 20 20 In< IOOE , , . ,. 140 , , , , 180 , , . 140 , . 11. Mean sea surface temperatures (solid lines) and the amplitude (length of arrow) and phase (direction of arrow) of the annual cycle of sea surface temperature in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Maximum temperature is in January for an arrow that points downwards and in April for an arrow that points to the left.

6 This has prompted suggestions that El Ni5o episodes are initiated by developments in the South Pacific (van Loon and Shea, 1985; Trenberth and Shea, 1987). The interannual movements of the atmospheric convective zones in the tropics are influenced by sea surface temperature variations. 5"C. In Fig. 12, which depicts the interannual movements of isotherms along the equator, warm surface waters are seen to expand eastward during El Niiio and to contract back westward during La Niiia. 13 shows how much the area and location of the pool of warm surface waters can change interannually.

26. A schematic diagram of the Pacific North American (PNA) pattern of middleand upper-tropospheric geopotential height anomalies during a Northern Hemisphere winter that coincides with El Nifio conditions in the tropical Pacific. The arrows depict a midtropospheric streamline as distorted by the anomaly pattern, with pronounced “ troughing” over the central Pacific and “ridging” over western Canada. Cloudiness and rainfall are enhanced over the shaded area. 1. ] the pattern is related to an unstable mode of the midlatitude atmospheric motion.

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El Niño, La Niña, and the Southern Oscillation by S. George Philander


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