By Galina Ulianova
ISBN-10: 1851966889
ISBN-13: 9781851966882
ISBN-10: 1851969675
ISBN-13: 9781851969678
This pioneering paintings comprehensively examines the historical past of girl entrepreneurship within the Russian Empire in the course of nineteenth-century business improvement. in response to Russian legislation, ladies loved an analogous estate rights as males, so the primary of separate own estate in marriage made it attainable for a lady to be self reliant in enterprise issues. Ulianova makes use of statistical details on lady marketers from 1814 to 1900, and sociologically analyzes the knowledge on a variety of businesses, from cottage industries to large-scale production operations. The examine additionally contains vigorous case histories which exhibit the history to a couple of relations fortunes together with circumstances of financial ruin and estate litigations among shut kin.
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Extra resources for Female Entrepeneurs in Nineteenth-Century Russia (Perspectives in Economic and Social History)
Sample text
As their products were in high demand in every season of the year and by every category of the population, selling them within the home district was no problem. Meshchanki owners did not have longterm credit relations with wholesale buyers (in contrast to female merchants, who sold their goods wholesale on credit for the term of six, eight, nine or twelve months), which safeguarded them from the risk of investing a large opening capital which they simply did not have. Let us consider in some detail the indices for certain branches where many enterprises were in female ownership.
Of the twenty-nine female-owned clothmills only six used free (hired) labour: four with exclusively free labour and two with mixed – free and servile. -General’s wife (or widow, generalleitenantsha) Anna Panova in Krotovka in Simbirsk Province, and the factory of shliakhtianka Gübner near the village of Ksaverovo in Volhynia Province. In the cloth industry the correlation between owners’ merchant status and the use of free labour is very evident. The merchant enterprises were exceptional islands of free-market activity in the ocean of mills working in accordance with the rules of state-regulated cloth production.
As a rule, noble factories used serf labour. This very significant predominance of noblewoman-owners is to be explained by the historical development of the Russian cloth industry. From the outset this branch of industry was developed to meet the army’s need of cloth for uniforms. ) But since merchants rarely possessed the large capital which would have allowed such purchases, it was mainly nobles who took advantage of this opportunity. Together with such purchased peasants nobles used so-called ‘ascribed’ peasants: state peasants who could be ‘ascribed’ to work out their state quit-rent in the enterprises of private owners if the latter were fulfilling state contracts.
Female Entrepeneurs in Nineteenth-Century Russia (Perspectives in Economic and Social History) by Galina Ulianova
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