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T h e absence of an active penis only accentuates her submission to the superego. T h e boy cathects his own penis w i t h narcissistic om­ nipotence, while the g i r l does the same w i t h the introjected pater­ nal penis. Feminine dependence on external as well as on internal objects leads her to be i n intense fear of her superego. T h e little g i r l has to face more obstacles than the little boy i n forming a su­ perego through introjection of the parent of the same sex. " I t is dif­ ficult for her to identify herself w i t h her mother on the basis of an anatomical resemblance .

Once again it is the Oedipus com­ plex, Jones states, which gives us the key to the problem of the phallic phase. Jones recalls that i n the Freudian conception of the Oedipus complex and of the castration complex, the boy gives u p his Oedipal Introduction 41 wishes i n order to save his penis. However, if the penis is involved i n these wishes, as Freud claims, it surely is so with regard to its own indigenous function, that of penetration. T h e phallic phase is, therefore, according to Jones, not a nor­ m a l phase i n the boy's development but a neurotic compromise.

T h e inability to accept the mother's castration can lead to a homosexual object-choice. It can also create an identification w i t h the castrated mother and at the same time a passive attitude toward the father. Such people have difficulty integrating their passivity, and this may lead to grave problems (paranoia, neurosis). This article was written in collaboration with Freud. Yet one sees in it certain divergences from Freud's views: The desire for a child precedes penis envy. It is related to the omnipotent mother.