By Victoriano Valpuesta
ISBN-10: 0849314364
ISBN-13: 9780849314360
ISBN-10: 1855734672
ISBN-13: 9781855734678
Examines how biotechnology can increase the standard and productiveness of fruit and vegetable cultivation. Explores its significant impression on fruit and vegetable cultivation and next nutrients processing.
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It arises when plant explants © 2002 by Woodhead Publishing Ltd. are subjected to a tissue culture cycle. The cycle includes establishment of a dedifferentiated cell or tissue culture under defined conditions and the subsequent regeneration of plants. Variation at cellular level occurs either in cells before explant excision or during the tissue culture cycle (Skirvin 1978; Jain 2001; Remotti 1998; Rami and Raina 2000). The degree of variation depends on many factors, including: • the origin of the explant used (organ, age, genotype) (Murashige 1974; D’Amato 1975; Barbier and Dulieu 1980) • the time that cells or tissues are maintained in vitro (Barbier and Dulieu 1980) • the time and intensity of the mutagenic agents used (Burk and Matzinger 1976) Reduction of somaclonal variation is achieved by using appropriate culture media and by shortening subculture intervals.
Somatic embryos Not determined Ktastanova et al. t. Epicotyls Not determined Yang et al. t. EHA 105 Stem segment Not determined Dominquez et al. 2000 © 2002 by Woodhead Publishing Ltd. ) CP-PRSV PB Thin layer embryogenic tissues Not determined Cai et al. ) CP-PRV-4 PB (pGA482GC/ cpPR-V-4) Zygotic embryos, hypocotils Increased resistance Fitch et al. 1992; Cheng et for some PRV strains al. t. t. Zygotic embryos, Not determined Yeh et al. 1998 Papaya (Carica papaya) cv CP-PRSV Kamiya PB Embryogenic calli Confirmed Fitch et al.
The mechanisms which confer PDR are not yet well understood, varying with the nature of the gene used (Carr and Zaitlin 1993; Fitchen and Beachy 1993; Baulcombe 1994; Kaniewski and Lawson 1998; Yie and Tien 1998; Martelli et al. 1999; Smyth 1999). Transgenic plants for the virus coat protein gene provide the most common strategy for gene transfer. The other strategies include antisense nucleic acids, satellite sequences, defective interfering molecules and non-structural genes (replicase, protease, movement proteins), antibodies, and interferon-related proteins (Gadani et al.
Fruit and Vegetable Biotechnology by Victoriano Valpuesta
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