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References 1. Cavallucci D, Eltzer T (2007) Parameter network as a means for driving problem solving process. Int J Comput Appl Technol 30(1/2):125–136 2. Pahl G, Beitz W (2007) Engineering design: a systematic approach, 3rd edn. Springer-Verlag, London 3. Qin SF, Harrison R, West AA, Jordanov IN, Wright DK (2003) A framework of web-based conceptual design. Comput Ind 50(2):153–164 4. Tovey M, Owen J (2000) Sketching and direct CAD modeling in Automotive Design. Des Stud 21(6):569–588 5. Leon N (2009) The future of computer-aided innovation.

The adoption of topological optimization as a bridging element between the generation of a concept and the development of a detailed solution has also further advantages. In fact, topological optimization just requires to define the design space and the functional surfaces of the part to be designed. These surfaces, can therefore be 2 Computer-Aided (Detailed) Design to Automatic Topology and Shape Generation 33 linked to the function delivered by the part itself, thus creating a connection between the abstract product representation of the conceptual design stage with the geometrical details of the following phases.

2 and depicted in Fig. 1 Indeed, the engagement of this trend can be seen as a transition from task-oriented applications to process-oriented systems: the former CAE tools were able to speed-up and sometimes automate several engineering tasks, but the integration was limited to product data exchange formats. Then, PLM systems emerged as a ‘‘strategic business approach that applies a consistent set of business solutions in support of the collaborative creation, management, dissemination, and use of product definition information across the extended enterprise from concept to end of life– integrating people, processes, business systems and information’’ [32].