By Zhidong Hao
ISBN-10: 0791455793
ISBN-13: 9780791455791
ISBN-10: 1417536012
ISBN-13: 9781417536016
A survey of latest chinese language intellectuals.
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Extra resources for Intellectuals at a Crossroads: The Changing Politics of China's Knowledge Workers
Example text
Scholars in China studies have done many wonderful in-depth studies of various revolutionary intellectuals in power, such as Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Tao Zhu (1908–69), Deng Tuo (1912–66), Wu Han (1909–69), Zhang Chunqiao (1917–91), and Yao Wenyuan (1931–),8 and many of their findings will help us illuminate our discussions in this chapter. They provide further answers to the questions we have raised in this section about the behavior of intellectuals in power. Organic Intellectuals Rarely in power themselves, intellectuals have tried to exert their influence as advisers to those in power.
Although they “never created a coherent program or a common platform similar to that of the Fabians,” they nonetheless influenced various agencies by shaping programs and influencing legislation and executive action (Coser 1965:184). To the brain trusters of the thirties, we may also add the Rand Corporation of the sixties, the American Enterprise Institute of the eighties, and numerous other professionals who have served or are serving the establishment (see Israel 1986:ix). The term Ideologues was used derisively by Napoleon to refer to the Ideologists who, as heirs of the eighteenth-century Enlightenment, advocated, among other things, education as a means to teach rational and scientific principles so that a just and reasonable social order could be erected.
But he was also an ardent supporter of Chiang Kai-shek’s chief policies in the 1930s and 1940s, including the suppression of internal dissension, and concessions to Japan in the Sino-Japanese dispute (Y. C. Wang 1966:409–15). He stressed that every government had a right to suppress subversive activities and praised Chiang for his extraordinary courage and ability. He thought that the assassination of Wen Yiduo (1899–1946) and Li Gongpu (1902–46) in 1946, two of the many intellectuals who protested the GMD policies, was only a “small incident in the midst of general progress toward democracy” (cited in Y.
Intellectuals at a Crossroads: The Changing Politics of China's Knowledge Workers by Zhidong Hao
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