By Kees Boterbloem
ISBN-10: 0773518118
ISBN-13: 9780773518117
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Sample text
13 Around 1900, one quarter of the rural population was engaged in some form of handicraft, and every second family had its migratory workers. After the revolution of 1917 most of the traditional rural artisanship that had existed disappeared because of a lack of demand and the prohibition of certain trades. 9, for its fundamental cause, the overpopulation of the countryside, remained in force. 15 The towns, nevertheless, witnessed a relatively smooth transition bringing the Bolshevik party to power.
98 At the end of the war, when victory was assured, first party secretary Ivan Pavlovich Boitsov made clear that the later 19305 were to be remembered as a time of unprecedented agricultural success, halted only because the war wreaked havoc: "[a]fter improving their organizational, economical and political relations, the oblast' kolkhozy developed all branches of kolkhoz production and increased their income. Every year the value of the trudoden' [labour day] grew. "99 This picture of prosperity does not agree with the facts: Why was Boitsov overstating the prosperity of the kolkhoz system before the war?
Some rural residents were willing to oppose Bolshevik rule with violent means, but most people were not sufficiently politi- 7 Before 1941 cized to consider armed resistance against the new rulers, about whom little was known. The countryside was therefore won with more difficulty, but the lack of organization among anti-Bolshevik groups, the general confusion caused by inadequate and obsolete information, the collaboration of the "Left" SR party with the new rulers, and the promises of peace and land generally made the initial establishment of Bolshevik rule relatively simple.
Life and Death under Stalin: Kalinin Province, 1945-1953 by Kees Boterbloem
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