By David R. Marples
ISBN-10: 0582438349
ISBN-13: 9780582438347
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Sample text
An expected easy victory over an Asian opponent had failed to materialize. At sea, matters were to take an even worse turn for the Russians. P. I. Nebogatov, managed the considerable feat of circumnavigating most of the globe, only to run into an ambush by the large Japanese fleet under Admiral Togo. qxd 6 6/6/02 13:56 Page 6 MOTHERLAND included 19 major warships out of the 30 dispatched. Only four ships from the Baltic Fleet reached the port of Vladivostok, and almost half the Russian sailors lost their lives.
Several old empires were to be eliminated by the First World War – the Ottoman, the Austro-Hungarian, and the Russian (in addition to the Prussian Hohenzollern monarchy, a relatively new empire). In each case their demise followed several cataclysmic military defeats, but in the case of the first two, the fall of the monarchies might have been predicted. In the Russian case, the situation appears less clear-cut. Was there any one factor that caused the sudden end to the Romanov dynasty? Can it be ascribed to the folly of entering another war, the earlier defeat by Japan, revolutionary ferment in the capital, peasant discontent, or the inadequacies of the ruling family?
Petersburg, however, the factories springing up were often huge affairs, employing thousands of people. Under Prime Minister Sergey Witte, Russia embarked on a campaign to build railways, and in the last decade of the 19th century some 27,000kms of railways were constructed. By the turn of the century, the empire had several established industrial areas – regions of Poland, such as Warsaw and Lodz, the major cities of St. Petersburg and Moscow, and the Donbas region of Ukraine. For the most part the major investors in the development were foreign – French, German, Belgian, and British.
Motherland: Russia in the Twentieth Century by David R. Marples
by Edward
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