By Angela Colling
ISBN-10: 0080537944
ISBN-13: 9780080537948
This moment version keeps the final constitution of the 1st variation, yet. has been up-to-date within the mild of contemporary oceanographic study, and more desirable. as a educating textual content at the foundation of suggestions from prior scholars and different. readers. extraordinary additions comprise new sections addressing the subject of. numerical modelling, and extra dialogue of traditional oscillations within the. ocean-atmosphere procedure (previously restrained to the El Niño phenomenon). In. specific, the bankruptcy at the North Atlantic now features a dialogue of. the North Atlantic Oscillation, in addition to of the nice Salinity Anomaly. Read more... OCEAN move; Copyright web page; CONTENTS; approximately THIS quantity; approximately THIS sequence; bankruptcy 1. advent; bankruptcy 2. the ambience AND the sea; bankruptcy three. OCEAN CURRENTS; bankruptcy four. THE NORTH ATLANTIC GYRE: OBSERVATIONS AND THEORIES; bankruptcy five. different significant present platforms; bankruptcy 6. international FLUXES AND THE DEEP flow; steered additional analyzing; resolution AND reviews TO QUESTIONS; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; INDEX
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Example text
The internal friction that results is much greater than that caused by exchange of individual molecules, and is known as eddy viscosity. 4 The difference between (a)laminar flow and (b) turbulent flow. The arrows represent the paths taken by individual parcels of water. 5 Schematic diagram to illustrate the difference between (a) molecular viscosity and (b) eddy viscosity. In (a), the momentum transferred between layers is that associated with individual molecules, whereas in (b) it is that associated with parcels of fluid.
We do not need to go into the calculations that Ekman used to deduce the spiral current pattern, but we can consider the forces involved in a little more detail. e. 6 (a) The Ekman spiral current pattern which under ideal conditions would result from the action of wind on surface waters. The lengths and directions of the dark blue arrows represent the speed and direction of the wind-driven current. (b) For the Ekman layer as a whole, the force resulting from the wind is balanced by the Coriolis force, which in the Northern Hemisphere is 90~ to the right of the average motion of the layer (broad blue arrow).
3 m s-~. Again, this is only a rough 'rule of thumb', for reasons that should become clear shortly. 1 FRICTIONALCOUPLINGWITHTHE OCEAN The effect of wind stress on the sea-surface is transmitted downwards as a result of internal friction within the upper ocean. 4). Friction in a moving fluid results from the transfer of momentum (mass x velocity) between different parts of the fluid. 5(a), and should therefore strictly be called molecular viscosity. 5(b)). The internal friction that results is much greater than that caused by exchange of individual molecules, and is known as eddy viscosity.
Ocean circulation by Angela Colling
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