By Niccolò Battezzati
ISBN-10: 1441975942
ISBN-13: 9781441975942
ISBN-10: 1441975950
ISBN-13: 9781441975959
Reconfigurable box Programmable Gate Arrays for Mission-Critical purposes through: Niccolo΄ Battezzati Luca Sterpone Massimo Violante This ebook describes the demanding situations confronted by way of designers whilst enforcing a project- or safety-critical software utilizing re-configurable FPGAs and it info a variety of ideas to beat those demanding situations. as well as an outline of the foremost innovations of re-configurable FPGAs, it presents a theoretical description of the failure modes which could reason flawed operation of re-configurable FPGA-based digital platforms. It additionally outlines research concepts that may be used to forecast such disasters and covers the idea in the back of recommendations to mitigate fault results. This e-book additionally reports present applied sciences to be had for construction re-configurable FPGAs, in particular SRAM-based know-how and Flash-based know-how. for every know-how brought, theoretical recommendations provided are utilized to actual situations. layout options and instruments are awarded to boost severe purposes utilizing advertisement, off-the-shelf units, comparable to Xilinx Virtex FPGAs, and Actel ProASIC FPGAs. replacement innovations in accordance with radiation hardened FPGAs, reminiscent of Xilinx SIRF and Atmel ATF280 also are awarded. This publication is a useful reference for an individual attracted to realizing the applied sciences of re-configurable FPGAs, in addition to designers constructing serious functions in accordance with those applied sciences. •Describes demanding situations confronted whilst imposing a venture- or safety-critical software utilizing re-configurable FPGAs and gives options to beat those demanding situations; •Provides an summary of the foremost options of re-configurable FPGAs, in addition to a theoretical description in their failure modes; •Presents research concepts that may be used to forecast mess ups and covers the idea at the back of recommendations to mitigate fault results; •Reviews present applied sciences to be had for construction re-configurable FPGAs and applies theoretical recommendations to genuine cases.
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Extra info for Reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Arrays for Mission-Critical Applications
Sample text
On the other side, environment could cause several kinds of faults, depending on the nature of the solicitation it provides to the system. For example, mechanical faults could be vibration or shocks or even by the effects of temperature and pressure variations; electrical faults can be caused, for example, by electromagnetic interference (EMI) or electrostatic discharge (ESD). Moreover, the effects of aging cause faults too. One of the most critical environmental aspect that could lead to failures of the modern integrated technologies and systems, especially in space and avionic applications, is radiation [9].
In mission-critical applications, faults and errors could be accepted but, depending on the requirements, failures must either be detected and signaled, also bringing the system in a safe state, or masked not allowing their happening. We could generically define this concept as fault tolerance, intended as the capability of guaranteeing that the system will be, or will be brought, always in a safe state. Strategies and techniques should be studied and applied to tolerate faults and errors but, in order to implement them in the most effective and efficient way, failure modes must be studied and analyzed in detail.
Indirect ionization, instead, is mainly due to neutrons and photons that have no charge by themselves, but can ionize atoms within the crystal lattice. Bremsstrahlung, on the other hand, is electromagnetic radiation produced by the acceleration of a charged particle, such as an electron, when deflected by another charged particle, such as an atomic nucleus. This is the most predominant phenomenon happening for light fast electrons. The radiated energy is a continuous spectrum in the X-ray and/or gamma-ray regions.
Reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Arrays for Mission-Critical Applications by Niccolò Battezzati
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