By Lee-Lueng Fu, Anny Cazenave
ISBN-10: 0080516580
ISBN-13: 9780080516585
ISBN-10: 0122695453
ISBN-13: 9780122695452
The hot point of precision and international assurance supplied by way of satellite tv for pc altimetry is quickly advancing reviews of ocean movement. It permits new insights into marine geodesy, ice sheet routine, plate tectonics, and for the 1st time presents high-resolution bathymetry for formerly unmapped areas of our watery planet and an important details at the large-scale ocean good points on intra-season to interannual time scales. Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences has built-in the services of the major foreign researchers to illustrate the ideas, missions, and accuracy of satellite tv for pc altimetry, together with altimeter measurements, orbit decision, and ocean circulate models.
Satellite altimetry helps to strengthen reports of ocean circulate, tides, sea point, floor waves and permitting new insights into marine geodesy.
Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences presents excessive answer bathymetry for formerly unmapped areas of our watery planet.
Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences is for a really extensive spectrum of teachers, graduate scholars, and researchers in geophysics, oceanography, and the distance and earth sciences. overseas organizations that fund satellite-based study also will delight in the convenient reference at the functions of satellite tv for pc altimetry.
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Extra info for Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences: A Handbook of Techniques and Applications
Example text
2, and 13 m. The ATU is referred to as "adap- tive" because of this ability to adjust the width of the gates according to HI/3. The middle gate for the chosen index m is used to determine the misalignment 3fd of the waveform relative to the track point f0. Assuming that tracking of the half-power point is not off by a large amount, the frequency offset of the waveform is given by 6 f d = aagc(Sagc - Snoise) - Smid(m), (56) w h e r e aagc ~ 1 is a scaling factor that is determined empirically from pre-launch testing.
For small wave heights, however, the gate widths must be narrow in order to resolve the steeper leading edge of the waveform. The different gate widths thus accommodate the wide range of wave conditions sampled globally by an altimeter. The averaging of neighboring waveform samples wherever possible mitigates the effects of waveform noise on the onboard estimates of the power in the early, middle, and late portions of the leading edge of the waveform. The five sets of early, middle, and late gates, denoted here by the gate index m, are formed simultaneously by the ATU.
In practice, this infinite ensemble is approximated by averaging the radar returns from a large number of independent pulses as described below. Because the probability density function of the sea-surface height distribution is assumed to be spatially homogeneous over the pulse-limited footprint, the right side of Eq. (39) is independent of azimuth angle X. The average of the illuminated area Eq. (41) within the pulse-limited footprint that contributes to the radar return at two-way travel time t is therefore f7 (Al(t)) -- 2re R 2 ,to 'J~'l qs(~)sindpd~ d~, (42) where ffl @, t) and if2@, t) are defined by Eqs.
Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences: A Handbook of Techniques and Applications by Lee-Lueng Fu, Anny Cazenave
by William
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