By Peter Sluglett, Stefan Weber
ISBN-10: 9004181938
ISBN-13: 9789004181939
This quantity honours the paintings of Abdul-Karim Rafeq, the key historian of Ottoman Syria. Rafeqs vital contribution to the learn of the social background of Syria among the 16th and 19th centuries lies in his pioneering use of the assets of the Islamic courtroom documents, the sijill?t>/i> within the ma?kama al-shar?iyya, for the writing of social and financial historical past. Rafeq has been the advisor and mentor of lots of his personal contemporaries, in addition to of more youthful students within the Arab international, Europe and North the USA. the quantity makes an attempt to stick to and supplement the main issues within the socio-economic heritage of Bilad al-Sham that have lively Rafeqs scholarship because the Sixties.
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Extra resources for Syria and Bilad al-Sham under Ottoman Rule
Example text
29 Brigitte Marino’s paper, ‘Les constructions d’Ismaʿil Pacha al-ʿAzm à Damas (1137–1143/1725–1730)’ describes the extraordinary number of building projects undertaken by Ismaʿil al-ʿAzm during his five year governorship of Damascus. The court records testify to his acquisition of building plots in the vicinity of the Citadel and south of the Umayyad mosque, as well as what seems the remarkably speedy construction of a large variety of buildings, including houses, shops, cafés, hammams, a madrasa and a saray.
However, they farmed out the task of tax collection to powerful local leaders, who maintained their positions by a combination of bribery of the local Ottoman officials and asserting themselves over less local power-holders/fief-holders/muqataʿjis. The Ma‘n family holdings (muqataʿat) were originally divided among the three wilayas of Damascus, Tripoli, and Sidon. The family had not been prominent under the Mamluks, but was strong enough under the Ottomans to be in charge of dividing the tax-farms assigned to it among a number of lesser local notables.
Even the ʿushr, set at 10 per cent, was raised to 12 per cent in the last years of the nineteenth century. Hoblos also shows that many peasants were systematically overcharged for various state administrative services, such as for copies of probate documents. Again, in 1883 and 1904, some 82 per cent of the taxes of Tripoli were remitted to Istanbul and only about 18 per cent was spent locally. Even local expenditures went largely to the salaries of local officials or to the gendarmerie. Altogether, Hoblos’ research reveals a gloomy picture of landlord, tax farmer, and state repression.
Syria and Bilad al-Sham under Ottoman Rule by Peter Sluglett, Stefan Weber
by Joseph
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