By National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Polar Research Board, Ocean Studies Board, Committee on the Alaska Groundfish Fishery and Steller Sea Lions
ISBN-10: 0309086329
ISBN-13: 9780309086325
ISBN-10: 0309512530
ISBN-13: 9780309512534
For an unknown cause, the Steller sea lion inhabitants in Alaska has declined through eighty% over the last 3 many years. In 2001, the nationwide study Council all started a learn to evaluate the numerous hypotheses proposed to give an explanation for the ocean lion decline together with inadequate foodstuff because of fishing or the past due Nineteen Seventies climate/regime shift, a ailment epidemic, toxins, unlawful capturing, subsistence harvest, and predation by way of killer whales or sharks. The report's research shows that the inhabitants decline can't be defined basically through a diminished availability of nutrients; as a result different elements, akin to predation and unlawful capturing, deserve additional learn. The file recommends a administration method which may aid confirm the influence of fisheries on sea lion survival -- setting up open and closed fishing components round sea lion rookeries. This procedure could enable researchers to check sea lions in rather managed, contrasting environments. Experimental region closures might help fill a few momentary facts gaps, yet long term tracking may be required to appreciate why sea lions are at a fragment in their former abundance.
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Additional resources for The Decline of the Steller Sea Lion in Alaskan Waters
Example text
HISTORY OF ESA LISTINGS AND COURT CHALLENGES As part of the authorization of the fishery management plans for the commercial groundfish fisheries in the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands and the Gulf of Alaska regions, NMFS summarized the consultation in a biological opinion as required under Section 7 of the ESA. The purpose of the biological opinion is to ascertain if the groundfish fisheries, as prosecuted under the fishery management plans, are likely to imperil the continued existence of Steller sea lions (and other listed species) or are likely to destroy or adversely modify critical habitat.
Despite strong year-to-year climate variability in both the North Pacific and Bering Sea, there remains compelling evidence for coherent interdecadal variations in the large marine ecosystems of the North Pacific and Bering Sea (at least as indicated by collections of fishery and ecosystem survey records from 1965 to 1997). Hare and Mantua (2000) speculate that aspects of North Pacific and Bering Sea ecosystems have responded nonlinearly to “noisy” external forces like those associated with strong year-to-year climate variations that are ubiquitous in midlatitudes.
The standard procedure is to establish a decision criterion (usually termed the critical value) against which the hypothesis is either accepted or rejected based on the experimental result. Usually the decision criterion is chosen to reduce the probability of incorrectly accepting the hypothesis. This procedure is the preferred approach of scientific inquiry. In natural resource management and conservation, there may be obstacles to experimentation. Achieving this high standard of inferential rigor might require more time or resources than would be practical for management of the affected resources.
The Decline of the Steller Sea Lion in Alaskan Waters by National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Polar Research Board, Ocean Studies Board, Committee on the Alaska Groundfish Fishery and Steller Sea Lions
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