By Nizar F. Hermes (auth.)
ISBN-10: 1137081651
ISBN-13: 9781137081650
ISBN-10: 1349292133
ISBN-13: 9781349292134
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Additional resources for The [European] Other in Medieval Arabic Literature and Culture: Ninth-Twelfth Century AD
Sample text
32 We may say, then, that when it comes to the matters of conjugal and sexual life of the Indians and the Chinese, al-Tajir never seems indifferent. Of significance is his accurate statement that the Hindus, contrary to the Muslims, consider marriage a religious sacrament that joins the Hindu couple not only for life but, as we saw earlier, in the afterlife. 33 It is because, in stark contrast to Marco Polo’s affirmation that the Indians “do not regard any form of sexual indulgence a sin” (Clements, Marco Polo, 131), zinaʾ (adultery/fornication) is considered an extremely serious crime that can end with death.
Similarly, Ibn Battuta notes, “The burning of the wife after her husband’s death is regarded by them [Indians] as a commendable act, but is not compulsory, for when a widow burns herself her family acquires a certain prestige by it and gains a reputation for fidelity” (Mackintosh-Smith, The Travels of Ibn Battutah, 158). Soon, however, he emphasizes the enormous social pressure on all women to practice the sati, for as he concludes, “ a widow who does not burn herself dresses in coarse garments and lives with her own people in misery, despised for her lack of fidelity” (158).
As shown by Kemal Ataman in Understanding Other Religions: Al-Biruni’s and Gadamer’s “Fusion of Horizons,” the noted German Arabist Anne-Marie Schimmel hailed al-Biruni’s Book of India as “the first objective book ever written on the history of religion” (56). Ainslee T. Embree, editor of the E. Sachau classic English translation of Kitab al-Hind, had a similar opinion. Indeed, as Hopkins said, he considered al-Biruni’s Book of India as “one the most penetrating accounts we have of Indian society” (“Geographical and Navigational Literature,” 417).
The [European] Other in Medieval Arabic Literature and Culture: Ninth-Twelfth Century AD by Nizar F. Hermes (auth.)
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