By Norman Lieberman
ISBN-10: 0878143483
ISBN-13: 9780878143481
Drawing on his ardour, education, and adventure, Lieberman offers difficulties and troubleshooting strategies which are linked to particular approaches, platforms, and kit, prime beginner and practiced troubleshooters alike to the crux of malfunctions and screw ups. The fourth variation updates troubleshooting and layout strategies, and provides seven new chapters with details on generators, vehicles, warmth exchangers, and environmentally pleasant operations. Norm Lieberman sprinkles his troubleshooting advisor with insightful and funny anecdotes from forty five years within the petrochemical and refining undefined.
Features:
* Nitty-gritty descriptions of universal refinery and chemical plant difficulties and the diagnostic box observations, experiments, and calculations that demonstrate their origin
* Troubleshooting checklists and references following each one chapter
* sensible recommendation for optimizing interactions with key plant operations personnel
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Additional resources for Troubleshooting Process Operations
Example text
The real threat is associated with the fact that often SCADA users assume that a virtual private network (VPN) provides the required protection. This assumption of false security is the real threat. It may be noted that physical access to SCADA-related network jacks and switches allows saboteurs to bypass all security on the control software and take full control of the SCADA network. A system of endpoint-to-endpoint authentication and authorization should Pipeline System Communication 57 be established to protect the integrity and the security of the system.
CHAPTER 4 Pipeline System Communication The transportation of oil and gas through pipeline systems is accomplished by adding compression stations approximately every 50À100 miles. In addition, safety shut-in valves are also included at critical places in a pipeline. Pipeline pressures and flows are typically monitored and/or controlled with SCADA systems using remote terminal units (RTUs), programmable logic controllers (PLCs), and by satellite, microwave, or telephone communication links. These controls are subject to interruption from loss of communication and interference by knowledgeable third-party intruders.
Hardware for some SCADA systems is rigged in design to withstand temperature, vibration, and voltage extremes. In the most critical installations, reliability is enhanced by having redundant hardware and communications channels, up to the point of having multiple fully equipped control centers. A failing part can be quickly identified and its functionality automatically taken over by backup hardware. A failed part can often be replaced without interrupting the process. The reliability of such systems can be calculated statistically and is stated as the mean time to failure (MTF), which is a variant of mean time between failures (MTBF).
Troubleshooting Process Operations by Norman Lieberman
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