By S. P. Srivastava
ISBN-10: 0470901861
ISBN-13: 9780470901861
Examines all levels of gas construction, from feedstocks to comprehensive products
Exploring chemical constructions and homes, this ebook sheds new gentle at the present technology and expertise of manufacturing power effective and environmentally pleasant fuels. furthermore, it explains the position of fuel-additives within the construction cycle. This expertly written and arranged consultant to fuels and fuel-additives additionally offers requisites, ideas and rules, together with US and european criteria governing automobile emissions, gas caliber and requisites, exchange fuels, biofuels, antioxidants, deposit keep watch over detergents/dispersants, stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors, and polymeric fuel-additives.
Fuels and Fuel-Additives covers all levels and elements of the creation of engine fuels in addition to heating and gas oils. The booklet starts off with a short portrait of the way forward for fuels and gasoline creation. Then, it units forth the rules controlling exhaust fuel emissions and gasoline caliber from world wide. subsequent, the booklet covers:
- Processing of engine fuels derived from crude oil, together with the construction of mixing components
- Production of other fuels
- Fuel-additives for automobile engines
- Blending of fuels
- Key homes of motor fuels and their results on engines and the environment
- Aviation fuels
The ultimate bankruptcy of the publication offers with gasoline oils and marine fuels. every one bankruptcy is widely referenced, offering a gateway to the first and secondary literature within the box. on the finish of the booklet, a handy thesaurus defines all of the key words utilized in the book.
Examining the entire construction cycle from feedstocks to ultimate items, Fuels and Fuel-Additives is usually recommended for college kids, engineers, and scientists operating in fuels and effort creation.
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Extra info for Fuels and Fuel-Additives
Example text
The Challenge of Reformulated Gasoline; An Update on the Clean Air Act and the Refining Industry. UOP, Des Plaines, IL. 6. California Air Quality Legislation (2011). Annual Summary. Sacramento. 7. Kinugasa, Y. (2006). Role of JCAP II. for fuel quality improvement in Japan. Proceedings of 4th Asian Petroleum Technology Symposium, 2006. 8. International Energy Agency (2011). CO2 Emission from Fuel Combustion. Highlights, Paris. 46 EMISSION REGULATION OF AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES AND QUALITY OF AUTOMOTIVE FUELS 9.
Percentage reductions from 2005 standards are given in parentheses. GVW = gross vehicle weight; NMHC = nonmethane hydrocarbons. 005 Note: Vehicle weight is the equivalent inertia weight (EIW) of a vehicle weighing 1265 kg. 09 for imports. b Full implementation by the end of 2005. c Full phase-in by 2011. d Nonmethane hydrocarbons. 09 for existing models and imports. Auto Fuel Policy announced on October 6, 2003, envisages a phased program for introducing Euro 2, 3, and 4 emission and fuel regulations by 2010.
91 Min. 5 Min. 95 Min. 85 Min. 98 Min. 5 70 5 715–770 Class 1 Note: Additives must be compatible with engine oils (no increase in engine sludge/vanish deposits), and addition of ash-forming components is not allowed. ). 36 Unleaded gasoline—WWFC category 3 Properties ’91 RON research octane number ’91 RON motor octane number ’95 RON research octane number ’95 RON motor octane number ’98 RON research octane number ’98 RON motor octane number Oxidation stability, minutes Sulfur content, mg/kg Metal content, mg/L Phosphorous content, mg/L Silicon content, mg/kg Oxygen content, % Aromatics content, v/v% Olefin content, v/v% Benzene content, v/v% Unwashed gum, mg/100 ml Washed gum, mg/100 ml Density, kg/m3 Copper corrosion Limit Min.
Fuels and Fuel-Additives by S. P. Srivastava
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